Wandering of people living with dementia is a common behavior, and it often stems from a variety of causes. Understanding these reasons can help caregivers respond with empathy and create safer, more supportive environments.
Personal Causes (Physical and Mental Health)
Sometimes, wandering is linked to a person’s own health or emotions. It may happen because of:
• Pain or discomfort
• Boredom or lack of stimulation
• Delusions (seeing or believing things that aren’t real)
• Restlessness or the need to release energy
• Medication side effects, which can increase or trigger wandering
• Desire for fresh air—to see and touch plants, hear nature sounds, feel sunlight, or simply to move around
Environmental Causes
The surroundings can also play a major role in triggering wandering. Common factors include:
• Busy, confusing, or overstimulating environments
• Uncomfortable temperatures (too hot or too cold)
• Lighting changes, especially shadows or dim areas
• Transitions from day to evening (often called “sundowning”)
Problems With a Task for Wandering of people living with dementia
Wandering may also occur when tasks feel overwhelming or frustrating. This may be due to:
• Tasks being too complicated
• Inability to express needs clearly
• Vision or hearing difficulties
• Not being given enough time to respond or complete a step
Responding Appropriately and Sharing With Others
Caregivers and care teams play a vital role in supporting safe wandering. Whenever possible, allow people with dementia to walk or move freely—as long as they are not at risk of harm or disrupting others. Creating safe spaces for walking, such as gardens or secured hallways, can provide comfort and reduce frustration.
Most importantly, share your observations with the care team. Open communication ensures that everyone understands what might be causing the wandering and how best to support the person with dementia.
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