Caring for someone with dementia involves understanding a variety of behaviors, such as repeating phrases, hoarding items, or wandering. These behaviors and others are normal and how people living with dementia communicate. While these behaviors can be challenging, they are not intentional and there are many effective strategies that can be used to respond to them.
Responses to Dementia-Related Behavior
Physical aggression often signals distress. A person may feel scared, confused, or frustrated, expressing these emotions by hitting, biting, or scratching. Since verbal communication can be difficult, these actions should be seen as a cry for help from those displaying challenging behaviors in dementia. Providing reassurance and emotional understanding can help caregivers address the root cause of the behavior.
• Hoarding behavior: Moving or hiding items stems from a desire to keep things safe. Instead of confronting them, caregivers can retrieve items later when the person is distracted.
• Paranoia: Suspicious thoughts, like believing someone is stealing or harming them, are common. Avoid arguing; instead, offer reassurance and redirect their focus.
• Hallucinations: These can range from comforting to frightening. Gently acknowledge their feelings and guide their attention to something calming.
Wandering: A Form of Communication
Wandering is one of the more common challenging behaviors in dementia, often reflecting underlying needs, such as boredom, hunger, or a desire for companionship. It can even provide benefits, such as promoting mobility and reducing restlessness, as long as it’s done safely.
Caregivers should focus on understanding the reasons behind wandering while ensuring safety.
Ask yourself:
• Is the person looking for a friend or family member?
• Do they feel unsafe or insecure?
• Could they need companionship or reassurance?
• Are they restless, bored, or in need of a physical outlet?
• Might they be hungry, thirsty, in pain, or in need of the bathroom?
By considering these possibilities, caregivers can better respond to wandering in a compassionate and helpful way.
Responding with Patience and Understanding
Every behavior is a form of communication. For instance, repetition in dementia or wandering often signals unmet needs or emotions. By recognizing the meaning behind these actions and staying calm, caregivers can create a supportive environment. Nonverbal communication, like a warm smile or gentle touch, can also help convey reassurance and patience.
Focusing on safety, emotional understanding, and providing comfort can transform caregiving into a more positive experience for everyone involved.
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